Companies, trade, currencies and economic policy from Rabat to Muscat.
Foreigners can buy Egyptian stocks through local brokers with a passport, a tax file and a local custody arrangement. What the EGX30 measures, how accounts open, and where the currency risk actually sits.
Free zones sell 100 percent foreign ownership and bundled visas but restrict onshore trading; mainland licenses now allow full foreign ownership for most activities and direct access to the UAE market. How the trade-offs actually compute.
Morocco sells itself on free-trade access to Europe, an automotive and aerospace export base, and the Casablanca Finance City regime for regional headquarters. How the pieces fit for a company entering the market.
Saudi Arabia charges 15 percent, the UAE, Bahrain and Oman charge 5, and Qatar and Kuwait charge nothing yet. How the GCC value-added framework landed unevenly across the six states.
Citizens build state pensions funded by employer and employee contributions; expatriates fall outside the schemes and receive end-of-service gratuity instead. How the six GCC systems differ, and where the reforms are heading.
Central Bank data show core inflation falling from 11.8 percent in December to 11.2 percent in January 2026, a continued disinflation that frames the monetary-policy question as the IMF program's next reviews arrive.