Dated regional events — verified announcements, decisions and milestones across MENA.
Net international reserves rose 2.2 percent to $56.29 billion at the end of July, the Central Bank reported, as the pound steadied and remittances and Gulf inflows outweighed Suez weakness.
Riyadh announced the multinational maritime defense alliance on July 30, as US naval presence in the region draws down and Houthi attacks pressure the kingdom's western ports.
Washington paused its air campaign over the last weekend of July, Tehran held fire, and Brent dropped over five percent as markets bet the pause gives space for diplomacy over the Strait of Hormuz.
A record heatwave with a week of blackouts has left 150 to 200 reported dead as protesters marked five years of Kais Saied's emergency rule on July 25-26 demanding his resignation.
The July 20 declaration was followed by claimed attacks on Saudi vessels and Red Sea ports including oil infrastructure, extending the Iran war's maritime front to the kingdom's western seaboard.
Six months after the January ceasefire with the SDF, the interim administration is courting foreign investment and drafting a constitution while security challenges and a slow reconstruction economy define the baseline.